Non destructive testing methods of stone and rock by Dr. Anders Bodare

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Non destructive test methods of stone and rock

by Dr. Anders Bodare

This report contains an overview of geophysical and civil engineering non-destructive test methods, which may be applied to the study of stone and rock. Mechanical and electrical methods are presented and their technical and economical feasibility are estimated. The mechanical methods contain the seismic, ultrasonic, hammer and the acoustic emission methods. The electrical methods are the radar, resistivity and the electromagnetic methods.

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1.	INTRODUCTION

2.	MECHANICAL METHODS
2.1	SEISMIC METHODS
2.1.1	Mechanical waves
2.1.2	Seismic transmission method
2.1.3	Seismic refraction method
2.1.4	Seismic reflection method
2.1.5	Seismic surface wave method
2.1.6	Impact echo method
2.2	ULTRASONIC METHODS
2.3	HAMMER METHODS
2.3.1	Rebound methods, Schmidt hammer
2.3.2	Hammer impact
2.4	ACOUSTIC METHODS

3.	ELECTRICAL METHODS
3.1	RADAR METHODS
3.2	RESISTIVITY METHODS
3.3	ELECTROMAGNETIC METHODS

4.	CONCLUSION

5.	REFERENCES

	NOTATIONS