1. Loosening of soil: Cutting & Scraping Ripping Percussion           2. Removal of soil: Intermittent transport Continuous transport       Rope grab Flush drilling       Rotary drill Continuous auger             3. Temporary support: Drill casing Drilling muds Soil     Vibrating Water       Oscillating Bentonite       Rotating Polymer             4. Enlarged base: Underreaming Grouting Plug expulsion           5. Casting of pile: Concrete mix Casting of concrete Reinforcement Development of bored piling techniques Advanatages and disadvantages of bored cast-in-situ piles

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